How to Become a Pharmacy Technician - Education & Certification Guide
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In recent years, the demand for healthcare services has skyrocketed. The Baby Boomer generation’s increased need for medical attention and the expansion of health insurance coverage to millions of people, thanks to the Affordable Care Act (ACA), has created a massive demand for healthcare occupations, including pharmacy technicians. In fact, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reported that healthcare occupations are among the fastest-growing economic sectors. About 1.8 million openings are projected each year, on average, in these occupations. As part of this ballooning market, openings for pharmacy technicians are also expected to grow 6 percent between 2022 and 2032, faster than the average for all occupations (3 percent).
Still, due to increased workloads from the Covid-19 pandemic and pharmaceutical regulations, pharmaceutical technicians (also known as “pharmacy techs”) will likely be in high demand in the coming years.
Before the pandemic, one of the biggest public health crises in the United States was the abuse of prescription opioids. Having plagued the United States for more than 20 years, opioid addiction is still running rampant. In 2021, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported that over 75 percent of the 80,411 drug overdose deaths involved an illicit or prescription opioid. Furthermore, the total spending on pharmaceutical drugs increases yearly, with Americans spending $574 billion on medicines in 2022.
In short, the pharmaceutical industry is poised for growth in the face of multiple public health crises. Therefore, qualified pharmacy technicians will be needed for routine and regulatory tasks in the coming decade.
So what do pharmacy technicians do? The BLS states that these professionals perform a variety of functions under licensed pharmacists, such as measuring medications; labeling and packaging prescriptions; acting as liaisons between customers and healthcare workers; delivering medicine to patients, nursing stations, or surgical rooms; managing and organizing pharmaceutical inventories; and accepting payment for medications. Many of the duties are learned on the job, and these technicians may work in drugstores, grocery stores, nursing homes, hospitals, or other medical settings. Since some pharmacies are open 24 hours per day, some of these professionals work nights and weekends, although, with increased seniority, they may have more control over their schedules.
In May 2023, the BLS showed that 460,280 pharmacy technicians across the country made average annual salaries of $43,330. Although regulations for this profession are constantly evolving, pharmacy technicians generally have at least a high school diploma. According to O*NET—a partner of the US Department of Labor—36 percent of working pharmacy technicians have a high school education as their highest completed degree, and 42 percent hold postsecondary certificates.
That said, pursuing post-secondary education in this field may be advisable. The Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) offers its certification exam to candidates who have completed a PTCB-recognized education or training program or have equivalent work experience.
Read on to discover how to become a pharmacy technician and what to know about professional certification and program accreditation.
Steps to Become a Pharmacy Technician
Although paths in this field may vary, here is one possible path to becoming a certified pharmacy technician:
Step one: Earn a high school diploma or the equivalent (four years)
Successful pharmacy technicians typically have strong mathematics, chemistry, biology, and physiology backgrounds. At this stage, some students may volunteer at a hospital or another healthcare setting to get exposure in the field and strengthen their interpersonal skills.
Step two: Graduate from an accredited pharmacy technician training program (approximately one year)
Pharmaceutical technicians seeking certification through the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) must have graduated from an ASHP/ACPE-accredited training program. The ASHP and ACPE recently formed the Pharmacy Technician Accreditation Commission (PTAC). ASHP developed a model curriculum comprising units in client-facing skills and professional role awareness in this discipline.
Pima Medical Institute is an example of an ASHP-accredited program with campuses in several states and offers a pharmacy technician program. This 35.5-credit program is offered on-campus and via hybrid methods and specializes in pharmacology, pharmacy math, and chemistry fundamentals. This program prepares its graduates for the National Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam (CPhT) administered by the PTCB.
Prospective students should call the campus to confirm they can attend and fulfill academic and professional requirements due to state authorization limitations, which involve rules prohibiting some students from attending online schools in states where they do not reside.
- Location: Multiple campuses in the United States
- Duration: Nine months
- Accreditation: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)
Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio, offers the only accredited hospital-based pharmacy technician program in the United States. Students in this program have 20 weeks to complete ten online course modules and learn through 300 hours of in-person experience at the Cleveland Clinic Main Campus. The Ohio State Board approves this program of Career Colleges and Schools.
To apply, students must complete an application, show a copy of their high school diploma, complete a phone and on-site interview, earn passing scores in math and reading, and pass a background check.
- Location: Cleveland, OH
- Duration: One year
- Accreditation: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education
Remington College has campuses across southern states and has a pharmacy technician diploma program. The program emphasizes teaching students about drug interactions, medical abbreviations, and patient care. Courses include first aid, career development, computers, and pharmacy law and ethics. In addition to didactic lectures, students apply their learning in simulated pharmacy environments. Graduates from this program pursue careers in retail pharmacies, hospitals, nursing homes, and assisted living facilities.
- Location: Lafayette and Shreveport, LA
- Duration: 8-12 months
- Accreditation: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP)
Please visit our page on pharmacy technician schools for other programs—including online pharmacy technician training options.
Step three: Get certified by national and regional certification bodies (timeline varies)
Although not all states require pharmacy technicians to be certified, many employers prefer it. The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP) has a list of contact information for each state’s board to verify whether or not pharmacy techs must be certified.
There are two central national certification bodies for this profession: the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) and the National Healthcareer Association (NHA). All 50 states accept the PTCB certification, and the NHA certification is nationally recognized. Both certifications require the candidate to have a high school diploma and successfully pass an exam.
In addition to becoming a certified pharmacy technician (CPhT), some candidates further enhance their credentials with other certifications, such as the certified compounded sterile preparation technician (CSPT).
Step four: Maintain active certification (every two years)
Certifications from PTCB and NHA must be renewed every two years. In addition, PTCB requires completing 20 continuing education (CE) hours, and NHA requires 10 continuing education units.
Please reference the section below for more information on professional certification.
Pharmacy Technician Certification
The two main bodies which provide national certification are the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) and the National Healthcareer Association (NHA).
The rules surrounding pharmacy tech certification, registration, or licensure vary by state. The Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB)—one of the two national certification bodies—reports that 46 states currently regulate people in this profession, and 30 states and territories require PTCB certification specifically. Students can retrieve regional rules by contacting the specific Board of Pharmacy, a list provided by the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (NABP).
The first certification organization—the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB), offers the CPhT credential and requires candidates to have completed a pharmacy tech program accredited by the Pharmacy Technician Accreditation Commission (PTAC). The PTCB’s Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam (PTCE) is a two-hour, computer-based test comprising 90 questions in nine areas such as pharmacology for technicians; pharmacy laws & regulations; medication safety; and medication order entry; and fill process. In addition, pharmacy technicians certified by PTCB must renew every two years after completing 20 hours of continued education (CE). The exam fee is $129, and the renewal fee is $49 every two years.
The second certification organization—the National Healthcareer Association (NHA), offers the ExCPT exam to earn a CPhT credential. Candidates with at least 1,200 hours of supervised pharmacy experience or who have completed a pharmacy technician education program within the past five years can sit for this exam. The 100-question exam tests similar areas as the PTCE. NHA-certified pharmacy technicians must renew every two years after completing 10 CE hours. The ExCPT exam costs $125, and the renewal costs $55 every two years.
Finally, the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) reports that CE hours are “a structured educational activity designed or intended to support the continuing development of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to maintain and enhance their competence.” Organizations that offer CE opportunities include:
- American Association of Pharmacy Technicians
- American Pharmacists Association
- National Pharmacy Technician Association
- PharmacyTechCE
Pharmacy Tech Program Accreditation
Before enrolling in pharmacy technician training, students are encouraged to verify a program’s program’s program’s accreditation status. Accreditation can indicate program quality as administrators review programs’ curricula, methods, and outcomes.
To be eligible for certification, the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board requires candidates to have completed an education program accredited by the Pharmacy Technician Accreditation Commission (PTAC)—a joint effort between the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE).
Overall, standards regulating pharmacy technicians have been moving toward increased oversight through professional certification and program accreditation. Therefore, people interested in this profession are urged to check the latest regulations posited by state and national organizations before applying and enrolling in their school of choice.
